tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55931296205119698062024-02-28T10:13:06.271+00:00Ancient Food and FarmingMeriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.comBlogger66125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-80953817905899245632019-08-18T11:02:00.000+01:002019-08-18T11:02:27.582+01:00Heritage Week 2019: Public lecture on food in ancient Ireland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzetOhBfbHxl4s3nA8A74Ashl8gk3BvS2ZIEy1X_JQ49uDCRICdOBzVRmXgQPpR58HVq4ZPGZFDR83byC_DltSjXW2do8RBEGKMLAmlfns4KiJR1qotdJNKvVt8toLb3u-l8ep4GhqdN6T/s1600/LecturePoster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1132" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzetOhBfbHxl4s3nA8A74Ashl8gk3BvS2ZIEy1X_JQ49uDCRICdOBzVRmXgQPpR58HVq4ZPGZFDR83byC_DltSjXW2do8RBEGKMLAmlfns4KiJR1qotdJNKvVt8toLb3u-l8ep4GhqdN6T/s320/LecturePoster.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In Ireland, we have just started celebrating <a href="http://www.heritageweek.ie/">Heritage Week</a> 2019. Heritage Week in Ireland is coordinated by the <a href="https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/">Heritage Council</a> and </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">is
a part of European Heritage Days -- an initiative of the Council of
Europe and the European Union. The main aim of European Heritage Days
are to promote awareness of our built natural and cultural heritage, and
to promote Europe's common cultural heritage. We celebrate for a whole
week in Ireland, with more than 2000 events organised throughout the
country.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This year, I will present a public lecture on my research into food in ancient Ireland. This is the keynote event hosted by <a href="https://www.tii.ie/technical-services/archaeology/" target="_blank">TII</a> for Heritage Week 2019, and the event will take place at the <a href="https://www.museum.ie/Archaeology" target="_blank">National Museum of Ireland</a>. TII (Transport Infrastucture Ireland) is the largest procurer of archaeological services in Ireland, and they have overseen the excavation of hundreds of archaeological sites from which ancient food remains have been recovered. The event is free, but <a href="https://www.heritageweek.ie/whats-on/event/lecture-food-in-ancient-ireland">booking</a> is required.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzFW-JC_jejPxLsqSXjo5-NXrxWQpTtcWOTs6EHPYUt3k03SKgo2k74XF3bEIw8Tupv3rebmg7W9hzhhre5DqQahHaxNs5QyuniwW9_9euNETIIh4QgUKif1KEyQcTFsOO4Bh2px7jU-Il/s1600/PopUpDisplayPoster_FINAL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1132" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzFW-JC_jejPxLsqSXjo5-NXrxWQpTtcWOTs6EHPYUt3k03SKgo2k74XF3bEIw8Tupv3rebmg7W9hzhhre5DqQahHaxNs5QyuniwW9_9euNETIIh4QgUKif1KEyQcTFsOO4Bh2px7jU-Il/s320/PopUpDisplayPoster_FINAL.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I will start by exploring <a href="http://ancientfoodandfarming.blogspot.com/2013/05/" target="_blank">how we investigate food</a> in archaeology. Then, drawing upon my work at the <a href="http://ucdgarden.com/" target="_blank">UCD Bloom garden</a> this summer, I will examine case studies from four periods, based largely upon evidence from TII excavations: early settlers (<a href="http://ucdgarden.com/early-settlers/" target="_blank">Mesolithic</a>), first farmers (<a href="http://ucdgarden.com/first-farmers/" target="_blank">Neolithic</a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">),</span> medieval traders (<a href="http://ucdgarden.com/medieval-traders/" target="_blank">medieval</a>) and industrial society (<a href="http://ucdgarden.com/industrialisation/" target="_blank">post-medieval</a>). Check out the Bloom garden website for more information on the case studies. If you are interested in reading even more, I have published widely on ancient food, so check out my <a href="https://people.ucd.ie/meriel.mcclatchie/publications" target="_blank">publications</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As well as the public lecture, there will be an associated pop-up exhibition at the National Museum of Ireland, displaying the TII site reconstruction drawings that we featured at the UCD Bloom Garden, as well as replica artefacts relating to ancient food production. More information <a href="https://www.museum.ie/Visit-Us/Events?id=4147">here</a>. </span><br />
<br />Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-78216385725119177582019-02-27T11:50:00.003+00:002019-02-27T11:50:33.001+00:00New research project: Ireland’s food culture in the 16th and 17th centuries<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4nN9_4ID9UdwV4F5QoIzT49GDd6TftCERriz_0MorHidvNA6LyI7WxEpiXKia44r6Xe6GueLXxK2gRqj8nRXrkMnBIpCJ_ZzEwU-mGRydSb312xsxmYmFPlCRVYFx0kaHhoO0tFq0E1OU/s1600/Oat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4nN9_4ID9UdwV4F5QoIzT49GDd6TftCERriz_0MorHidvNA6LyI7WxEpiXKia44r6Xe6GueLXxK2gRqj8nRXrkMnBIpCJ_ZzEwU-mGRydSb312xsxmYmFPlCRVYFx0kaHhoO0tFq0E1OU/s320/Oat.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">I am very excited about my role in a new research project that started at the beginning of this month. The</span> project is taking a
multi-disciplinary approach to exploring what was on the dinner table before
the arrival of the potato into Ireland. I am a Project Partner in in the five-year project, which was awarded
€1.5 million funding from the ERC (European Research Council). The project is entitled “Food, Culture and Identity in
Ireland, 1550–1650” (FOODCULT) and is led by a historian, Dr Susan Flavin (Trinity College Dublin), who
is bringing together historians, archaeologists and scientists to investigate
what was eaten, where, why and by whom, at a level never before attempted in
Europe</span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"> (McClatchie, in press)</span></span>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"> </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">The Irish diet underwent
significant changes during the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries,
particularly at the dining tables of the elites, reflecting changes in both
locally produced and imported foods. Dr Flavin has undertaken extensive
research into historical evidence for food in early modern Ireland (Flavin
2014). During this period of political and cultural change, she has highlighted
the important role that food and drink played in constructing and maintaining social
identities. This was a time when trade was booming, and there was also movement
of peoples into Ireland from neighbouring countries, such as England, Scotland,
Wales, France and the Netherlands. During this dynamic period, a wide range of imported
luxury foods were enjoyed in the homes of elites, including sugar, turkeys,
pineapples and artichokes. Flavin has also revealed how new ways of ‘civilised’
eating and drinking came to be accepted by some individuals, including in the lower
classes of society. Written records of consumption from this period focus
mainly on Ireland’s wealthy households, however, and offer fewer details of the
average diet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">The FOODCULT
project is addressing this issue by undertaking a detailed investigation of
archaeological evidence, which can provide insights across a greater variety of
social contexts. In recent decades, many archaeological excavations across
Ireland have unearthed the actual remains of foods – often comprising charred
seeds and animal bone – and food-related objects. As part of the FOODCULT
project, my team at UCD School of Archaeology will explore
a variety of datasets – archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and artefact data
from completed excavations – to develop new understandings of food preferences
across time and space. The UCD team will work closely with members of the wider
project team, comprising historians, environmental archaeologists, isotope
analysts, residue analysts and data modellers from other institutions in Europe.
This multi-disciplinary approach will enable an unprecedented level of
investigation into diet and food culture in 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup>
century Ireland, allowing the team to map social, regional and temporal patterns,
and provide new insights into broader societal change during this important
time in Ireland’s history.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Reference</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Flavin, S. 2014. <i>Consumption and culture in sixteenth-century
Ireland</i>: <i>saffron, stockings and silk</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. </span>Woodbridge: Boydell Press.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-IE</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="375">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">McClatchie, M. in press.</span></span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"> </span></span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Research project to examine Ireland’s
food culture in the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries. <i>Trowel.</i></span></span></div>
<br /><br />
<br />
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-23871064702662549992018-12-01T08:46:00.001+00:002018-12-01T08:46:28.457+00:00Environmental conference at Aarhus<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSoC3eSVqwkkw6HuciVVyX7gCR5kEmtf0AYSQ39JGdZ-Nkm3sHrrEAJ3_HgrjwrGbjuMUD3dhi5gfXEg5uojJR5BRRMcd4T9rtwZQiCV1JRH70TladWuiu6tXZnUSM89vE9MmYUeJnCbS/s1600/64_AEA_Aarhus.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="1184" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSoC3eSVqwkkw6HuciVVyX7gCR5kEmtf0AYSQ39JGdZ-Nkm3sHrrEAJ3_HgrjwrGbjuMUD3dhi5gfXEg5uojJR5BRRMcd4T9rtwZQiCV1JRH70TladWuiu6tXZnUSM89vE9MmYUeJnCbS/s320/64_AEA_Aarhus.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I am in Aarhus, Denmark this week, participating in the <a href="http://conferences.au.dk/aea2018/" target="_blank">annual conference</a> of the Association for Environmental Archaeology. The AEA is a wonderful organisation, bringing researchers together to explore human interactions with past environments.</span><div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I am presenting a poster at the conference on plant remains from a Late Mesolithic lakeside platform. Derragh Island is located at the edge of Lough Kinale in central Ireland. The site contained habitation deposits and features, knapping debris and peat sediments, </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">with evidence for several phases of use and abandonment</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. Exceptionally good waterlogged preservation was encountered. A wide variety of environmental analyses was undertaken, several of which have just been published by the <a href="http://iqua.ie/publications/field-guides/" target="_blank">Irish Quaternary Association</a> (IQUA). Analyses included plant macro-remains, animal bone, wood charcoal, pollen, insects, peat stratigraphy, geomorphology and sediments. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />My poster is focused on the unusual discovery of a large cache of water-lily seeds. A wide range of plant species was recorded at Derragh, including hazelnut shell, yellow-water lily seeds and lesser celandine tubers. A very large deposit of water-lily seeds within a hollow may reflect processing of these seeds for consumption. Perhaps the seeds were being fermented before being dried, dehusked, winnowed, parched, ground and consumed. The poster explores the evidence from Derragh in the wider context of plant processing from Mesolithic Ireland and beyond.</span></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-54503426381225289462018-10-31T16:30:00.000+00:002018-10-31T16:31:31.797+00:00Conference: The Role of Crops in Irish Farm History<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJLiqZzip5wNNrbtEYW3hYCnACRNmKWIPQYY-dLQjTNQdLsxmp1Krp1iiHso_FAzmQtrcv654SIDYADaxDMszZ97C7Qdp69yrMGt1f02jufdVMeRO22C-1mzVFJbqR69hZctDjKnUDdFQd/s1600/63_AHSI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="940" height="87" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJLiqZzip5wNNrbtEYW3hYCnACRNmKWIPQYY-dLQjTNQdLsxmp1Krp1iiHso_FAzmQtrcv654SIDYADaxDMszZ97C7Qdp69yrMGt1f02jufdVMeRO22C-1mzVFJbqR69hZctDjKnUDdFQd/s320/63_AHSI.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I am a member of the Agricultural History Society of Ireland (AHSI), which is open to all with an interest in the history of agriculture and food in Ireland. We are a diverse group from many different backgrounds, including farmers, archaeologists, historians, agricultural advisers, palaeoecologists and social scientists. Our members range from established academics to students to the interested public. The AHSI organises regular conferences, as well as field-outings to places associated with farming and food.<br /><br />The next AHSI conference will take place on 10 November at the Helen Roe Theatre, RSAI, 63 Merrion Square, Dublin 2. The topic is "The Role of Crops in Irish Farm History". I will be speaking on my research into prehistoric cereals in Ireland, tracking the introduction of cereals into Ireland around 6000 years ago and exploring how agriculture changed over time.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Further information (including registration) is available <a href="http://www.ahsi.ie/p/ahsi-autumn-conference.html" target="_blank">here</a>.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PROGRAMME</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> Session 1</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">10.00–10.10 Welcome remarks — Jim McAdam QUB (Acting Chairperson, AHSI) <br /> 10.10–10.45 Meriel McClatchie UCD Crops and Farming in Irish Pre-History <br /> 10.45–11.20 Jim Collins UCD Aspects of soil fertility in Irish farm history ( Provisional title) <br /> <br /> 11.20–11.40 Coffee / tea <br /> <br /> 11.40–12.15 John Hyland Teagasc CERERE: Back to the Future - Adding Value to Heritage Cereals <br /> 12.15-12.30 Sadhbh Gaston, an artist working on the same project as John will introduce her work which will be on display over lunch<br /> <br /> 12.30–13.45 Lunch (in house: tea/coffee and sandwiches will be available at the venue; incl. in registration fee) <br /> <br /> 13.45–14.30 AGM, Agricultural History Society of Ireland (in Helen Roe Theatre) <br /> <br /><b> Session 2</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">14.30–15.10 Ethel White QUB Oats in Irish Agriculture <br /> 15.10–16.00 Jimmy Burke UCD Technological developments in some arable crops in Ireland <br /> 16.00 Wrap up. Jim McAdam </span></div>
</div>
</div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-4111346769306307492018-08-27T10:52:00.000+01:002018-08-27T10:52:02.559+01:00Flotation: introducing the wheelie-bin tank<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ETHrbGUllG2gL4Tf931kFdCManUgWqccCBSDZAY1beileBdYUJU1aSTIOXKnu4MhcILt9c12zl7QnrWeNj79TSTueBXzvdhg1QEHj8OK_pUWgzkMYwFy9eDMJledtCudf70plNuH1YgJ/s1600/61_Flotation1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ETHrbGUllG2gL4Tf931kFdCManUgWqccCBSDZAY1beileBdYUJU1aSTIOXKnu4MhcILt9c12zl7QnrWeNj79TSTueBXzvdhg1QEHj8OK_pUWgzkMYwFy9eDMJledtCudf70plNuH1YgJ/s320/61_Flotation1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During archaeological excavations, we often collect soil samples from different deposits to check if any plant remains are present. Plant macro-remains must be extracted from the soil sample before they are identified. The flotation technique is used to process bulk soil samples containing charred plant macro-remains. Differences in the density of organic and inorganic material mean that flotation is useful method for separating the two, because the specific gravity of water lies between that of organic and inorganic material. Flotation involves the placing of a soil sample into a container, then immersing the sample in water. When agitated, organic material (such as charred plant remains) is released from the soil matrix and floats to the surface, or is suspended in the water, whereas inorganic material sinks to the bottom of the container.<br /><br />We often use mechanised flotation systems or flotation tanks for efficient processing of soil samples. This summer, I was thrilled to use a new type of system: the converted wheelie bin. This flotation system was created by team members of a Serbian excavation project over the past few years, and I was delighted to join the team in July 2018. We undertook excavations</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> at the fortified centre of Gradiste Idjos, w</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">orking with an international team from Serbia, the UK and beyond</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. You can find out more about the project </span><a href="http://borderlands-arise.net/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2fmnUr0HhIj2bQKx-j3D25gTJglyw5g9xfW6Db5CsvSMHsW1aLxZ2AAb3Gc-OepYG9WZOlcbYOlQA62OCaRfDC1-_wcqcOKX2DPZc7tHorNGr6acWrtLNwlLuvpbMMdutUS8gPzTraBD-/s1600/61_Flotation2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2fmnUr0HhIj2bQKx-j3D25gTJglyw5g9xfW6Db5CsvSMHsW1aLxZ2AAb3Gc-OepYG9WZOlcbYOlQA62OCaRfDC1-_wcqcOKX2DPZc7tHorNGr6acWrtLNwlLuvpbMMdutUS8gPzTraBD-/s320/61_Flotation2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One of my roles on the project this summer was to oversee flotation of soil samples using the wheelie-bin system. It is very simple, but very clever. Water is pumped into the base of the bin through an inlet. A fine </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">mesh (1 mm) is suspended just below the surface of the water in the bin, and the soil sample is placed onto the mesh. As the soil is disaggregated in the flow of water, the organic material floats to the surface and is then caught by a smaller sieve (minimum 0,3 mm mesh) at a run-off point, cut into the top of the wheelie bin. The residue does not float, remaining on the 1 mm mesh. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The wheelie bin proved to be an excellent innovation and could be moved around with little effort. I am very much looking forward to using it again next summer!</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Further reading on flotation: McClatchie, M (2015) Archaeobotany and past landscapes. In (eds): Chavarría Arnau A, Reynolds A, <i>Detecting and understanding historic landscapes</i>, pp. 297–324. Mantova, SAP Società Archeologica.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-84869095935216514162018-07-31T12:22:00.003+01:002018-07-31T12:22:53.048+01:00Gordon Hillman: a pioneer in archaeobotany<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBN8g6uFmHIaoLzkK8JjKqpOzq5AifdFuhdgvN0q937NezYWLZU4oZr36Uxzey8szLGhuSM44x12429Z5z3rjx-DzEc4AdmL9Dw223xpWziSwBlMiuGFNsnxLD-0sfHOem_FOAV7c9nRqv/s1600/61_GordonHillmanGuardian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="620" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBN8g6uFmHIaoLzkK8JjKqpOzq5AifdFuhdgvN0q937NezYWLZU4oZr36Uxzey8szLGhuSM44x12429Z5z3rjx-DzEc4AdmL9Dw223xpWziSwBlMiuGFNsnxLD-0sfHOem_FOAV7c9nRqv/s320/61_GordonHillmanGuardian.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gordon Hillman, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/23/gordon-hillman-obituary" target="_blank">photographed by his daughter</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
It was with great sadness that the archaeobotany community learned of the passing of Gordon Hillman earlier this month. Gordon was a pioneer in archaeobotany. He was a leading expert in the identification of ancient remains, and I was lucky enough to spend time in front of the microscope with Gordon learning about cereal identifications. I still use my notes from those sessions today.<br />
<br />
But Gordon did much more than this. He undertook extensive fieldwork in south-east Europe and south-west Asia in particular, learning about traditional farming and food production processes, and applying this knowledge to better understand archaeobotanical assemblages and transitions to agriculture. In recent years, he focused on plant foraging in prehistoric Britain, often processing and tasting plants himself to see if they were edible (he appeared to have a strong stomach), again contributing much to our understanding about plant gathering and food production. His wide-ranging experiences, expertise and knowledge meant that a conversation with Gordon often helped people to think differently and learn more deeply about our ancestors and their interactions with plants.<br />
<br />
See <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jul/23/gordon-hillman-obituary" target="_blank">here</a> for an obituary by fellow archaeobtanist Prof. Martin Jones.<br />
<br />
See <a href="http://archaeobotanist.blogspot.com/2018/07/in-memoriam-gordon-hillman-1943-2018.html" target="_blank">here</a> for an obituary by Prof. Dorian Fuller -- who became lecturer in archaeobotany at University College London when Gordon retired -- and messages from the archaeobotany community around the world. You will see from the messages that Gordon had a positive impact on many of us. We were lucky to have had Gordon in our lives.Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-3635637951657048082018-06-29T12:21:00.002+01:002018-06-29T12:24:12.484+01:00Climate change in the past: presenting research in Paris<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAUjsegigkGS-8tA3Mk7F2oaQAJyPigMqqSL7VkI9LJOTX_owhwUvJ8oDdXylSduJqnWlrNeCS8rYJ0Fzdtn68uP5F5fWjJvyU6YPEYfUDkoYP4or7o7UJ3j8ZGXwTiYqwSujNT6bwaI3d/s1600/60xx_Uispp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="165" data-original-width="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAUjsegigkGS-8tA3Mk7F2oaQAJyPigMqqSL7VkI9LJOTX_owhwUvJ8oDdXylSduJqnWlrNeCS8rYJ0Fzdtn68uP5F5fWjJvyU6YPEYfUDkoYP4or7o7UJ3j8ZGXwTiYqwSujNT6bwaI3d/s1600/60xx_Uispp.jpg" /></span></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga3YdQ1hDpm0X6AFXBDCzp48CGH30JP2WZQoNc8asA-z8KUUyHO_1lIJkxkHFsVYd95GiDuZAjieaD8OVIVSoYmT5UIf38-Zg0Kse2lFweSTQ2R_ZXA8iyLveGaXhOWOdZQFiTlpnkczrv/s1600/20180604_121447.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga3YdQ1hDpm0X6AFXBDCzp48CGH30JP2WZQoNc8asA-z8KUUyHO_1lIJkxkHFsVYd95GiDuZAjieaD8OVIVSoYmT5UIf38-Zg0Kse2lFweSTQ2R_ZXA8iyLveGaXhOWOdZQFiTlpnkczrv/s320/20180604_121447.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAUjsegigkGS-8tA3Mk7F2oaQAJyPigMqqSL7VkI9LJOTX_owhwUvJ8oDdXylSduJqnWlrNeCS8rYJ0Fzdtn68uP5F5fWjJvyU6YPEYfUDkoYP4or7o7UJ3j8ZGXwTiYqwSujNT6bwaI3d/s1600/60xx_Uispp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I participated in a fascinating conference in Paris earlier this month. The <i>International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences</i> (Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques – <a href="http://www.uispp.org/" target="_blank">UISPP</a>) was founded in Bern in 1931. This organisation focuses on scientific studies of prehistoric and protohistoric materials, including archaeology, anthropology, palaeontology, geology, zoology, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, environmental sciences, physics, chemistry, geography, history, numismatics, epigraphy and mathematics.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The <a href="https://uispp2018.sciencesconf.org/" target="_blank">18th UISPP world congress</a> took place in Paris from 3rd to 9th June 2018. It was an enormous conference, held at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, with parallel sessions on many different aspects of archaeological science, incorporating both practice and theory.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />I presented research in a session entitled "Climatic variability and societal responses during the Metal Ages in Europe and the Mediterranean (3000-300 BC)". The co-authored paper was entitled "Agricultural strategies and climate change in later prehistoric northern Europe", and it detailed some of the results from an INSTAR-funded research project: “Settlement and Landscape in Later Prehistoric Ireland – <a href="https://www.ucc.ie/en/archaeology/research/projects/seeingbeyondthesite/" target="_blank">Seeing beyond the site</a>”. This project has brought together an inter-disciplinary team to contextualise the archaeology of Late Bronze Age and Iron Age Ireland within its contemporary prehistoric landscape, focusing on farming strategies and broader landscape interactions. My role on the project is to explore archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNmmDTUHo1p_J1jmI70JZtaTQWb-gVgXw4ucEEnWGXVdwAyb028aHx49neGXBoUd6zwPaZEZOdtLqsMHgyKRRaUEuhVy8UooKdgOO3VRrKcfgad2BxqEmKvqawv5AZWYx1TtuJB9vYcMjG/s1600/20180604_120334.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNmmDTUHo1p_J1jmI70JZtaTQWb-gVgXw4ucEEnWGXVdwAyb028aHx49neGXBoUd6zwPaZEZOdtLqsMHgyKRRaUEuhVy8UooKdgOO3VRrKcfgad2BxqEmKvqawv5AZWYx1TtuJB9vYcMjG/s320/20180604_120334.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our "Seeing beyond the site" paper in Paris revealed results from collation and analysis of archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data, focusing on south-east Ireland during the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. We explored farming practices in the context of changing climates and environments, and within the broader context of northern Europe. Now we intend to write up the results for publication in a major journal -- one of my many tasks for this summer!</span></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-55174514327845168252018-05-27T14:42:00.003+01:002018-05-27T14:44:13.681+01:00Determining ancient land use: detailed level and large scale<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkr1KU52RdLzuezzuMi3ayiCH0EA_O1oNpqkMMWgib_wJGVHgZmkera6RFngGC1UaJ0_iUVpLoH_biIOGFK_zRKulSzE3H1INRtQip6ITIFKQFaKFOuSMIalVCKisqVrobMC5noL8wna05/s1600/59xx_PAGESBarcelona.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="1200" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkr1KU52RdLzuezzuMi3ayiCH0EA_O1oNpqkMMWgib_wJGVHgZmkera6RFngGC1UaJ0_iUVpLoH_biIOGFK_zRKulSzE3H1INRtQip6ITIFKQFaKFOuSMIalVCKisqVrobMC5noL8wna05/s320/59xx_PAGESBarcelona.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From Carla Lancelotti's <a href="https://twitter.com/cl379/status/999305537287327744" target="_blank">Twitter</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Earlier this week, I spent a fascinating few days in Barcelona, participating in a <a href="http://www.pages-igbp.org/ini/wg/landcover6k/meetings/127-pages/1760-landcover6k-meet-spain-18" target="_blank">research workshop</a> on land use in early Europe. The workshop was part of the “LandCover6k: European Land-use at 6000BP” project and was organised by Nicki Whitehouse, Ferran Antolin and Marco Madella.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The working group for this project is investigating prehistoric human impacts on land cover (i.e. anthropogenic land cover change due to land use), and assessing if impacts were sufficiently large to have a major impact on regional climates.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Colleagues from around Europe came together to provide an overview of evidence from each of our regions. It was wonderful to hear how we each interpret our datasets, hearing from some of the leading scholars in each region. We focused on agricultural and land management evidence, showing exactly where we had data, site by site, and synthesizing and standardising our datasets, with the aim of produce a coherent picture of land use across Europe at the point of 6000 BP (4000 cal BC). </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
For more information on this exciting project, <a href="http://www.pages-igbp.org/ini/wg/landcover6k/intro" target="_blank">see here</a>.</div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-25035035632122520112018-04-29T20:37:00.001+01:002018-04-29T20:37:43.036+01:00Bitter sweet: a new documentary about ancient Irish apples<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihDiZM2b431riCVrOiWniNlyuhlD6Vl1wwaIZ-BxWsCJ3N__AxE3zL1vniLZv7971Ydcya0uuA1L5KWcKa1Rtjpn0iXPD3VMN21yE85dK_JfVz6aSkHi62yJ1AdNIWh4Ye4_ivXKASP6Uq/s1600/Crab+apples+near+Emly%252C+Co.+Tipp.+Oct+04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="972" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihDiZM2b431riCVrOiWniNlyuhlD6Vl1wwaIZ-BxWsCJ3N__AxE3zL1vniLZv7971Ydcya0uuA1L5KWcKa1Rtjpn0iXPD3VMN21yE85dK_JfVz6aSkHi62yJ1AdNIWh4Ye4_ivXKASP6Uq/s320/Crab+apples+near+Emly%252C+Co.+Tipp.+Oct+04.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I was interviewed </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">recently</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">by a radio documentary maker -- Patricia Baker -- who has been recording a documentary on the history of apples in Ireland. The documentary has now been completed, and it will be broadcast on <a href="https://www.newstalk.com/" target="_blank">Newstalk </a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.newstalk.com/" target="_blank">106-108 FM</a> (in Ireland) on Bank Holiday Monday 07 May at 7am, and repeated on Saturday 12 May at 9pm.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The documentary is entitled "Bitter sweet" and will tell the story of an important collection of native Irish apples, based at Rosemount in <a href="http://www.ucdplantscience.com/facilities/rosemount-environmental-research-station/" target="_blank">UCD</a>. Patricia interviewed many people for the documentary, learning about the different routes that can be taken in investigating the role of apples in our food history. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I met with Patricia in the National Museum of Ireland, and we conducted the interview beside the exhibit of apple remains from Hiberno-Norse (Viking) Dublin. I explained how apple remains -- usually pips and endocarp (core) fragments -- can become preserved in the archaeological record. Possible remains of apples have been found as far back as the Mesolithic period in Ireland, and they appear throughout prehistory, with cultivated examples emerging in the historic period. Listen in to the documentary to find out more.</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-70725007222926293512018-03-28T11:31:00.002+01:002018-03-28T11:32:05.446+01:00Beyond food: promoting equality in Irish universities<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHLTZ3WXUapkNIcGcifUCUXdTi1d1QFkP5hxKFUt6SvvJVfaZ4vTWZJUlt5Y_jZjBP5LCnBgZ9GlKIXgN2vJfiqJfGzGgLR3L8i5XX_EECNKQGl9wufaq4mB8Xwq_LU-fXdcrH0XQV_Z9B/s1600/IMG_3779.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHLTZ3WXUapkNIcGcifUCUXdTi1d1QFkP5hxKFUt6SvvJVfaZ4vTWZJUlt5Y_jZjBP5LCnBgZ9GlKIXgN2vJfiqJfGzGgLR3L8i5XX_EECNKQGl9wufaq4mB8Xwq_LU-fXdcrH0XQV_Z9B/s320/IMG_3779.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This blog usually concentrates on research into ancient food and farming, which is a primary focus in my work. But as a lecturer at University College Dublin, I play many roles beyond being a researcher. One of the roles that I most enjoy is Officer for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) at UCD School of Archaeology.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">UCD is committed to celebrating diversity within the university community and promoting an environment where equality of opportunity is created for all. My role as EDI Officer is to develop and promote EDI initiatives within the School, advocate for EDI values in decision making, policy and strategy development, and work closely with colleagues across UCD in promoting EDI.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On International Women's Day earlier this month (08 March), we launched a new banner that is now housed in the main corridor of UCD School of Archaeology, Newman Building. The banner will remind us every day of our commitment to equality within the School, which I hope will have a lasting impact on our culture and activities.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For more on my EDI work, see https://www.ucd.ie/archaeology/edi/.</span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-38062246196316855542018-02-26T08:03:00.000+00:002018-02-26T08:03:12.266+00:00A taste of prehistory: feasting and science in Belfast<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvDD3G-bYoyEEbQy1ybhqD4vlt3uc87iQkrmd8Z4bYysIBMFehsyjg_Ay-EI0j0S-xv2TTfBWXPdArq-4ZO1L2xaCTeguWhJFtlX6PqKMhxtr13TmgVqxexoFzggch1zE_gaZx7lbN7Mvs/s1600/A_taste_of_prehistory.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="600" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvDD3G-bYoyEEbQy1ybhqD4vlt3uc87iQkrmd8Z4bYysIBMFehsyjg_Ay-EI0j0S-xv2TTfBWXPdArq-4ZO1L2xaCTeguWhJFtlX6PqKMhxtr13TmgVqxexoFzggch1zE_gaZx7lbN7Mvs/s320/A_taste_of_prehistory.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
I spent a very enjoyable evening on Friday (23 February 2018) at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, Northern Ireland. I was participating in a Northern Ireland Science Week event, where I was part of the team bringing archaeological science to the public. The event, "A taste of prehistory", invited people to feast on a three-course special dinner in the Museum, inspired by ingredients and objects from prehistoric Ireland. Before dinner, attendees heard the call of ancient musical horns played at feasts and explored the science behind investigating ancient foods.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I was equipped with a (replica) saddle quern stone, rubbing stone and grain, and I encouraged people to try their hand at grinding grain to make flour. Most people were surprised at how hard it can be to produce flour! The activity helped me explain how archaeobotany can provide exciting insights into what people ate in the past. I also brought along some archaeobotanical specimens, including Bronze Age emmer wheat and barley, and outlined the long history of these crops in Ireland.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
As well as the quern stone, a great variety of other demonstrations took place on the evening, including willow weaving and eel fishing, stone tool and palaeoecological analyses, ceramic reconstructions and analyses, tracing the history of animals in Ireland, and more. The event sold out in advance and was a great success. Well done to Dr Greer Ramsey and the team at the Ulster Museum for organising a very enjoyable event. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Further information here: <a href="http://www.nisciencefestival.com/event.php?e=35">http://www.nisciencefestival.com/event.php?e=35</a></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-26389448785661993322018-01-24T10:02:00.001+00:002018-01-24T10:02:11.235+00:00Ancient Irish grains<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqoHX7jYF7JqI8vK2EoSqMV7K7U8oCqbrBy4GLLFdShvGYJVhrHgKPlb5AjDxm963hMz6gSCgZJlSFVBP-8V3gtZJJ-JXHf7j_mO9vN5T5ZI_6W2_Bi5ShAfwnxd9GGKty52RLH0253eFN/s1600/Slow-Food-Ireland-Small-Logo-2-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="99" data-original-width="350" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqoHX7jYF7JqI8vK2EoSqMV7K7U8oCqbrBy4GLLFdShvGYJVhrHgKPlb5AjDxm963hMz6gSCgZJlSFVBP-8V3gtZJJ-JXHf7j_mO9vN5T5ZI_6W2_Bi5ShAfwnxd9GGKty52RLH0253eFN/s320/Slow-Food-Ireland-Small-Logo-2-1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">People who are interested in food often ask me what cereals were eaten in Ireland hundreds and thousands of years ago. One of my main research interests is archaeobotany, where we recover the fragmentary remains of food plants from archaeological excavations</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. Luckily for me as an archaeologist and archaeobotanist, if plant components are sealed beneath the ground in certain conditions, they can survive for thousands of years. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If the plant components have become burnt (charred), for example, or kept in consistently wet conditions (waterlogged) or dry conditions (desiccated), then they can be preserved.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzd3V5L8HpVDKDtwDWpKiUboUeTD7NBrWRSWkYeXwnXkreeqAXaohgWs8ilxS7MO5kzymnNjdO77yAlE58ni1LFNDTc7FBfg-pCXxIRiMNnTqx-IaOTt2O0JZCBNlXbHgs6epGCkXm9S5x/s1600/Grain1.tif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzd3V5L8HpVDKDtwDWpKiUboUeTD7NBrWRSWkYeXwnXkreeqAXaohgWs8ilxS7MO5kzymnNjdO77yAlE58ni1LFNDTc7FBfg-pCXxIRiMNnTqx-IaOTt2O0JZCBNlXbHgs6epGCkXm9S5x/s1600/Grain1.tif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bronze Age barley grain</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cereal grains are quite robust, so we often find them in soil samples taken from archaeological excavations. Based on my research and the work of colleagues, I will be presenting a talk entitled "Ancient Irish grains" to </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">introduce archaeobotany and archaeological science to a wider audience. The talk will take place on</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Thursday 25 January at a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Slow Food Ireland event in Ballymaloe
Cookery School, east Cork, Ireland. The event is being hosted by Darina Allen, who is well known for her fantastic work in exploring and promoting Irish food cultures. I am really looking forward to engaging with the Slow Food community and the Ballymaloe team, and hearing their perspectives as growers and food producers.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Further
information on the event can be found here: </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en-GB&q=http://slowfoodireland.com/event/ancient-irish-grains/&source=gmail&ust=1516873475153000&usg=AFQjCNH6frmTh7Nl_PTsej7rjBXFYe-Irw" href="http://slowfoodireland.com/event/ancient-irish-grains/" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" target="_blank">http://slowfoodireland.com/<wbr></wbr>event/ancient-irish-grains/</a>.Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-90267614156397079852017-11-30T12:48:00.000+00:002017-11-30T12:48:28.062+00:00Bronze Age Forum: new paper on agriculture<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY6_d_JXfgJ_1WUDoA9RM_61Mf39BJe4ke7qI-OrpDhOmTqHEJwH0C7m3IXrK0m4KfXRm2aiV4SQ7LsDQoTB03cjLXIaxUPD0DlRd0E6f-ESNtIhsKZDxYYgByTOFfApYSFDpeNYByCkSu/s1600/53_BronzeAgeForum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY6_d_JXfgJ_1WUDoA9RM_61Mf39BJe4ke7qI-OrpDhOmTqHEJwH0C7m3IXrK0m4KfXRm2aiV4SQ7LsDQoTB03cjLXIaxUPD0DlRd0E6f-ESNtIhsKZDxYYgByTOFfApYSFDpeNYByCkSu/s200/53_BronzeAgeForum.jpg" width="150" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I was delighted to present
at paper at the<a href="https://www.ucc.ie/en/media/academic/archaeology/downloads/BAF-2017_Final-Programme_screen-display.pdf" target="_blank"> Bronze Age Forum</a>, which took place at University College Cork,
Ireland from 10 to 12 November 2017. The Bronze Age Forum is held every two
years, and it provides an excellent opportunity to hear about recent discoveries
by scholars on all aspects of Bronze Age life (and death) in Europe. The event in Cork
was very enjoyable. More than 40 papers were presented, as well as posters,
providing a great overview of what’s new in research and an opportunity to
catch up with European colleagues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The last time I spoke at a
Bronze Age Forum event was back in 2006, so it was good to get involved again.
My paper was entitled "Farming in Late Bronze Age Ireland: a landscape
approach". The paper was co-authored with international and
inter-sectoral colleagues from our major research project, “Settlement and
Landscape in Later Prehistoric Ireland – Seeing beyond the site”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Agriculture in Bronze Age
Europe is often considered to have provided a basis for economic growth and emerging
social power. Extensive scientific data from Bronze Age excavations –
particularly archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence – have become
available over the past two decades. Despite this availability of data and the
recognised importance of farming, detailed analysis of what was being farmed,
and how farming was undertaken, is often absent from narratives on the Bronze
Age. To address this issue, a major INSTAR-funded research project was
established, “Settlement and Landscape in Later Prehistoric Ireland – Seeing
beyond the site”, which aimed to contextualise the archaeology of Late Bronze
Age and Iron Age Ireland within its contemporary prehistoric landscape,
focusing on farming strategies and broader landscape interactions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The paper revealed
results from collation and analysis of archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological
data, focusing on south-east Ireland during the Late Bronze Age. The project
team is currently writing up results for publication, so watch this space for more information on our findings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-30785882794012035542017-10-30T13:43:00.000+00:002017-10-30T13:43:09.509+00:00Tree fruits: a different type of crop<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihDiZM2b431riCVrOiWniNlyuhlD6Vl1wwaIZ-BxWsCJ3N__AxE3zL1vniLZv7971Ydcya0uuA1L5KWcKa1Rtjpn0iXPD3VMN21yE85dK_JfVz6aSkHi62yJ1AdNIWh4Ye4_ivXKASP6Uq/s1600/Crab+apples+near+Emly%252C+Co.+Tipp.+Oct+04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="972" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihDiZM2b431riCVrOiWniNlyuhlD6Vl1wwaIZ-BxWsCJ3N__AxE3zL1vniLZv7971Ydcya0uuA1L5KWcKa1Rtjpn0iXPD3VMN21yE85dK_JfVz6aSkHi62yJ1AdNIWh4Ye4_ivXKASP6Uq/s320/Crab+apples+near+Emly%252C+Co.+Tipp.+Oct+04.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">I was delighted
to spend last week participating in an excellent workshop in the La
Rioja region of northern Spain. The workshop was organised by Guillem Pérez
Jordà and Leonor Peña-Chocarro, both of whom work at the Instituto de Historia,
CCHS/CSIC, Madrid. Pérez Jordà and Peña-Chocarro are running a fascinating research
project to explore the origins and spread of tree-fruit cultivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">When exploring
origins of agriculture, the focus has often been on cereals and legumes, but
this project is focusing its attention on tree fruits. We were treated to
fascinating presentations from some of the leading archaeobotanists in Europe,
showing how tree-fruit cultivation emerged in their regions and the types of
fruits being cultivated through time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">My presentation
was entitled “Arboriculture at the
northern margins of Europe: insights from Ireland”. I drew upon
archaeological, historical and ethnographic data to explore when and where
tree-fruit cultivation took place in Ireland. We have very little evidence in
Ireland for tree-fruit cultivation during the prehistoric period, but it does
seem that apples, plums and perhaps other fruits were cultivated in early
medieval Ireland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">I</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">n the case of apple, charred and waterlogged apple
pips and endocarp fragments have been found at several early medieval
excavations in Ireland, including the Viking towns of Waterford and Dublin. It
can be difficult to distinguish between wild and cultivated apples simply by
looking at the gross morphology (appearance) of the preserved seeds and
endocarp fragments.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> S</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">tudies
of the early law texts have revealed, however, that there was a generally
recognised distinction between the sour wild apple and sweeter cultivated types
(Kelly 1997, 259-260). Kelly notes that the ninth-century text <i>Bethu Brigte </i>refers
to an abundant crop of sweet apples, <i>ubla cumra</i>, in a churchyard, while
an eighth-century law text refers to a wild apple, <i>fiaduball</i>. It appears,
therefore, that apple cultivation had arrived into Ireland. At the La Rioja workshop,
I learned that apple cultivation was widespread in Europe by this period, so
the Irish evidence fits well into this wider picture.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The workshop participants are planning to write up
their findings in the coming year, so watch this space for a more detailed
review of the Irish evidence.</span></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-50136458414346371482017-09-27T17:28:00.002+01:002017-09-27T17:29:22.705+01:00Swords Castle: re-imagining ancient foods<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiafpeyQYNSgEgTbqNug9lYaaqscwlM1WfqUCXtwJdxdZio5KfmRVALRcFDZ3vJXY75H72_31pMHmufhQmOCrwx9aaUtxrbOOaxqrE0UocUdDR8BtuIOWtBRcwouHg69K7EwOby2WalH2JG/s1600/20170829_123237.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiafpeyQYNSgEgTbqNug9lYaaqscwlM1WfqUCXtwJdxdZio5KfmRVALRcFDZ3vJXY75H72_31pMHmufhQmOCrwx9aaUtxrbOOaxqrE0UocUdDR8BtuIOWtBRcwouHg69K7EwOby2WalH2JG/s320/20170829_123237.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A few weeks ago, I was delighted to participate in a public event at Swords Castle. The event formed part of a collaborative project that I developed with Fingal Community Archaeologist Christine Baker, Fingal Public Art Coordinator Caroline Cowley, and an invited curator and artists.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The project, ‘<a href="http://fingalarts.ie/public-art/all-bread-is-made-of-wood-this-dirt-swords-castle" target="_blank">All Bread is Made of Wood</a>’, is curated by Anne Mullee, who invited artists Fiona Hallinan and Sabina Mac Mahon to contemplate bread and its elements as a vehicle for the transference of knowledge and memory as embodied in its production. The project is composed of a series of private and public interactions, including recipe salons with local African women’s group and the area’s older population, and public events where hypotheses of bread and its elements are anatomised and considered.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As part of the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SwordsCastleDiggingHistory/" target="_blank">Swords Castle - Digging History</a> community excavation project, I am undertaking archaeobotanical analysis of the excavated deposits, and I have discovered a large quantity of early medieval and medieval food remains, particularly cereals. Inspired by these results, ‘This Dirt’ took place on 29th August, and brought together methods of baking and food production from North County Dublin’s past and present. Utilising Swords Castle as a catalyst for exploration, ‘bread’ acted as the threshold for investigations into contemporary and ancient local food culture, somatic learning and haptic processes of making.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"Seed Carriers" was a pair of activities devised by Fiona Hallinan. Plant macro-remains found in archaeological deposits at Swords Castle were made visible in two ways: in one instance, figuratively, as illustrations on nail transfers applied to the hands of participants, and in another, constitutively, as ingredients used in the menu of an on-site food truck (see image above). It was really exciting for me to see the tiny seeds re-imagined as nail transfers, while the food from the food truck showed how 'basic' ingredients from early medieval and medieval Ireland can provide a creative and delicious meal.</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sabina Mac Mahon presented a pop-up exhibition – the first part of Anti-anti-pasta, a project exploring the life and work of little-known (imaginary) Italian Futurist Ermenegildo Cervi (1897-1966) who settled in north county Dublin following the publication of his fellow Futurists’ Manifesto of Futurist Cooking in late 1930. The manifesto called on Italians to turn their backs on pasta, a staple foodstuff believed to induce lethargy, pessimism and nostalgia, and therefore contrary to the Futurists’ belief in technology and speed. Cervi became disillusioned with the Futurists’ anti-pasta stance and, assured of Irish people’s enthusiasm for starchy foods like bread and potatoes by relatives who ran a fish and chip shop in Dublin, decided to move to Ireland and attempt to establish a new nation of pasta-eaters here. This was a beautifully presented and wonderfully creative exhibition that really got me thinking about cultural attitudes to certain foods.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our event was featured on the RTE Radio 1 arts show, </span><a href="http://www.rte.ie/radio1/arena/programmes/2017/0828/900600-arena-monday-28-august-2017/?clipid=102590809#102590809" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" target="_blank">Arena</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> on 28 August. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I'm looking forward to working with the team again. Watch this space for further events.</span></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-60309548165912151212017-08-30T20:39:00.001+01:002017-08-30T20:39:26.705+01:00Participating in the EAA conference, Maastricht<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkpIzmfKGlkJ0xRuGgbGHc3tugztcKrG02DxN4Eh8OE02nxFSk3tL4J2fJQcBtzrU2fvuZmE7W5dSku9GtpYODBxZZJwCMb3dejctRc7ttKaXDRPTwAmN2VEvTcYFh2M0vFSvr5-Ac6FX2/s1600/51_EAA.tif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="322" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkpIzmfKGlkJ0xRuGgbGHc3tugztcKrG02DxN4Eh8OE02nxFSk3tL4J2fJQcBtzrU2fvuZmE7W5dSku9GtpYODBxZZJwCMb3dejctRc7ttKaXDRPTwAmN2VEvTcYFh2M0vFSvr5-Ac6FX2/s320/51_EAA.tif" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I am delighted to be in Maastricht, where I am participating in the 2017 EAA conference. The EAA (European Association of Archaeologists) is the Association for all professional archaeologists of Europe and beyond. There are thousands of archaeologists in Maastricht for the conference, and I am looking forward to the start of lectures tomorrow.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I am delivering one lecture and co-authoring another. The paper that I will deliver is entitled "Fibre plants in prehistoric Ireland: insights from archaeobotany and other sources". The paper will provide a review of fibre plants from prehistoric Ireland, based primarily upon archaeobotanical evidence. The potential use of fibres from wild plants during the Mesolithic period (8000-4000 BC) will be explored. Cultivated plants arrived into Ireland at the beginning of the Neolithic period (4000-2500 BC), including flax, but there is also extensive evidence for continued use of wild plants in various activities, possibly including fibre production. It is during the Bronze Age (2500 - 700 BC) and Iron Age (700 BC-AD 400) in Ireland that we start to find actual textile fragments, as well as further archaeobotanical evidence for plants possibly used in fibres. The paper will focus on archaeobotanical evidence for fibre production in prehistoric Ireland, but will also explore archaeological evidence for tools utilised during the various stages of fibre and textile production, as well as related archaeological features. The paper will also draw upon documentary and folkloric evidence from the historic period to provide an integrated approach to understanding the role of plants as resource fibres.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The co-authored paper is entitled "Exploring the 'somewhere' and 'someone' else: an integrated approach to Ireland's earliest farming practice". The paper will be delivered by my colleague at UCD School of Archaeology, Dr Jessica Smyth, and our colleague Associate Professor Graeme Warren is another co-author. We have had fun putting the paper together, bringing our individual perspectives on the nature of early farming in Ireland, and learning from each other. As an island on the westernmost edge of Europe, with few native wild predecessors of the main domesticated animal and crop species, the idea that farming arrived in Ireland from somewhere and someone else has rarely been contested. Only recently have archaeologists begun to amass significant amounts of data on the specifics of the earliest crop and animal husbandry on the island. This has resulted in narratives that sometimes complement, and sometimes conflict with, existing models on the arrival of farming drawn from observations of the material culture record. In this paper, we review multiple strands of evidence for what the earliest farming in Ireland looked like, combining results from the organic residue analysis of pottery, programmes of radiocarbon dating, and analysis of plant macro-remains, lithics and settlement remains. Together, these data provide greatly increased resolution on where these somewheres, and who these someones, may have been.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The EAA conference will also be a great opportunity to catch up with colleagues from around the world and hear the results of lots of good research! I'm looking forward to it. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-86703653593221781472017-07-28T13:15:00.001+01:002017-07-28T13:15:43.459+01:00Building our lab resources: a comparative collection<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO_lFFhjiO_NoAUuR6RUmGCJ7ESoV67hOFcRd1O0rzg6GVHuKvOLgApauG_-xJHFZfuUrSWo0w3OmrSNLTDrkQKDWdsshfgJroseYq-imNPLKv3pHrPFcpkoFORwh0u-f4gvsxrJF2HxX_/s1600/20170725_112509.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO_lFFhjiO_NoAUuR6RUmGCJ7ESoV67hOFcRd1O0rzg6GVHuKvOLgApauG_-xJHFZfuUrSWo0w3OmrSNLTDrkQKDWdsshfgJroseYq-imNPLKv3pHrPFcpkoFORwh0u-f4gvsxrJF2HxX_/s320/20170725_112509.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Spelt wheat, ready for harvest</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">These are busy times for members of the Bioarch Laboratory at <a href="http://www.ucd.ie/archaeology">UCD School of Archaeology</a>, where we are building up a reference collection of modern plant specimens. The Bioarch Lab was established in 2016 at UCD, and it is where staff and students undertake analysis of archaeobotanical (non-wood plant macro-remains) and anthracological (charcoal) remains.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A modern collection of plant specimens is required to enable secure identification of ancient plant specimens. Botanical illustrations are certainly helpful for narrowing down identifications. But the most important requirement for identification is a regional comparative collection of modern specimens. This comparative collection enables the placing of ancient and modern material side-by-side to confirm identification of the ancient material.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Members of the Bioarch Lab are now working with botanic gardens and growers around Ireland to secure these modern specimens. Earlier this week, we visited a farmer in Co. Meath, Mr Dominic Gryson, who very kindly allowed us to take samples from his crops. Mr Gryson is growing a fantastic array of heritage crops, such as the spelt wheat pictured. It was a wonderful opportunity for us in the Bioarch Lab to see these plants growing and to learn about their growing preferences and challenges.<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Building up a modern comparative collection really is time consuming, but we are finding it worthwhile. I am particularly enjoying the opportunity to discuss and learn about the plants with our students, postdocs and professionals beyond UCD. </span></span>The samples we collected this week are now back in the lab, and we are preparing them for long-term storage and hopefully many years of use by UCD staff and students.</span></span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-42350610799655828092017-06-29T12:23:00.000+01:002017-06-29T12:23:01.439+01:00Food ‘facts’: new findings and emerging challenges in the investigation of ancient foodways<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIy8k4tF2SLVugtTxb5UYUHooKQkGIpiQETzSCI__Mpbtqf4_V1Q3LJwvqjYbfotnt1eMKoA50iT9PeHgtIlEnH8UYKRZ0SO0ax04jbripCiiuIPy0ZfPMDw-pUF2el-v24gsqlGDFEKw-/s1600/49_IAIConference.tif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="578" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIy8k4tF2SLVugtTxb5UYUHooKQkGIpiQETzSCI__Mpbtqf4_V1Q3LJwvqjYbfotnt1eMKoA50iT9PeHgtIlEnH8UYKRZ0SO0ax04jbripCiiuIPy0ZfPMDw-pUF2el-v24gsqlGDFEKw-/s320/49_IAIConference.tif" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A few weeks ago, I presented the keynote lecture at the annual conference
of the <a href="http://iai.ie/">Institute of Archaeologists of Ireland</a>. My
lecture was entitled "Food ‘facts’: new findings and emerging
challenges in the investigation of ancient foodways". It was a very enjoyable conference, and I received good feedback on my lecture.</span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My aim was to showcase the fantastic new techniques that we use in archaeology to investigate food and some of our recent discoveries.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I also wanted to highlight the growing public interest in learning from the past to develop healthier eating habits in a modern context. Archaeologists can engage in myth-busting, explaining how there is good archaeological evidence for carbohydrate-rich foods in hunter-gatherer societies, even though the modern “Paleo diet” might suggest otherwise. Ancient DNA analyses have revealed a remarkably high incidence of lactose tolerance in Ireland – we have a very long history of humans producing the lactase enzyme during adulthood, which enables us to drink milk – and lipid analyses highlight the production of dairy products over thousands of years.</span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE7N1Ai9aHlDEpPmxh9yVOHCUZjN6e_Qxp8UMZtlG5Ctw_N9Aq5UneA-VqsUD4T57ftVC_GvVYezqHEqxWvxzNB7WncP_aWLJsrsDsgMxCQ88o8kvpVN2OAdj6bIosQXIe-kOodj10fw7g/s1600/48_IAILogo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="46" data-original-width="190" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE7N1Ai9aHlDEpPmxh9yVOHCUZjN6e_Qxp8UMZtlG5Ctw_N9Aq5UneA-VqsUD4T57ftVC_GvVYezqHEqxWvxzNB7WncP_aWLJsrsDsgMxCQ88o8kvpVN2OAdj6bIosQXIe-kOodj10fw7g/s320/48_IAILogo.png" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We are on trickier ground, however, if we attempt to advise modern societies how they should eat now. Best practice in public health and community nutrition is developed by teams comprising professionals in dietetics, epidemiology, immunology, cardiovascular disease and other specialities. We as archaeologists can provide valuable insights into the ‘deep history’ of ancient foodways. But if we want to draw upon this evidence to help develop future nutrition strategies, we should do so as part of a team-based approach, including established professionals in public health and community nutrition. Archaeologists can play an important role here – and indeed we should be more explicit in the public arena about our expertise and fascinating findings – but as professionals, we must develop a careful, considered and, most importantly, collaborative approach if we want to tackle modern health issues.</span></span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-13339792380029524142017-05-31T18:46:00.003+01:002017-05-31T21:03:44.740+01:00Oats: new and old<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_h0NnVcCZtVz7JJG4HmyE2i9dcEc7QSLIuikwlY5Gp9grRCb0xFsQmsMEfznDXcq0wFjxL5KFpYwIay6tVDKl8tPx3SFdvO5fYnD3kiX6eRhov_6ZIHlLDo02Sdx2KGxUqNQYneqOFto1/s1600/20170526_112123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="961" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_h0NnVcCZtVz7JJG4HmyE2i9dcEc7QSLIuikwlY5Gp9grRCb0xFsQmsMEfznDXcq0wFjxL5KFpYwIay6tVDKl8tPx3SFdvO5fYnD3kiX6eRhov_6ZIHlLDo02Sdx2KGxUqNQYneqOFto1/s320/20170526_112123.jpg" width="192" /></a></div>
I'm writing a paper about ancient cereals at the moment, focusing on the emergence of oat as an important crop in Iron Age and early medieval Europe. I took a break from writing a few days ago to visit the <a href="http://www.ucdplantscience.com/facilities/rosemount-environmental-research-station/">Rosemount</a> Environmental Research Station at University College Dublin. It's just a short stroll from my office, but it feels like another world.<br />
<br />
At Rosemount, staff and students have developed wonderful outdoor plots where many different plants are growing, as well as glasshouses and laboratories, where a fascinating variety of experimental plant trials are being undertaken. I was particularly interested in the oat trials (pictured above)! It was my first visit to Rosemount, and I plan to return. Watch this space for further updates.<br />
<br />
<br />Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-86391105864653325392017-04-26T05:37:00.001+01:002017-04-26T05:37:17.352+01:00New publication: early dates for a Neolithic passage tomb in Ireland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBw9mRKA8-4QeiV81-g276PW4k8fXaUGbO3hOUEGT8Hrblu-ETofz1KBhEHOzdy_a7zowujTegTRb6i3bknj_ZRhKYjxLW4u8Nyb-rcSNRG5_87SCRYCE1BjBwN902YECESszYya9OfEq/s1600/S003_ARCHAEOLOGY_urn_cambridge_fig8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuBw9mRKA8-4QeiV81-g276PW4k8fXaUGbO3hOUEGT8Hrblu-ETofz1KBhEHOzdy_a7zowujTegTRb6i3bknj_ZRhKYjxLW4u8Nyb-rcSNRG5_87SCRYCE1BjBwN902YECESszYya9OfEq/s320/S003_ARCHAEOLOGY_urn_cambridge_fig8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">My latest paper with the <i>Cultivating Societies </i>research team has just been published in a leading journal, <i>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</i> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2017.1" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2017.1</a>; also see <a href="http://www.ucd.ie/archaeology/news/20170418/">news item</a> on UCD School of Archaeology webpages). </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The team has written several ground-breaking
papers in recent years on early farming in Ireland, funded by the
Heritage Council under the INSTAR programme. We have published in a variety of high-impact journals, including <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>, <i>Journal of World Prehistory</i> and <i>Antiquity</i>, placing the archaeology of Ireland firmly on the world stage.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Our latest paper is
entitled “Radiocarbon dating of a multi-phase passage tomb on
Baltinglass Hill, Co. Wicklow, Ireland”, and it provides new evidence
for Neolithic activity spanning at least six centuries at this funerary
monument. The paper presents the results of a radiocarbon dating programme on
charred wheat grains and hazelnut shell found underlying the cairn, and
on cremated human bone found within and near two of the monument’s five
chambers. The results are surprising, in that three of the six
determinations on calcined bone pre-date by one or two centuries the
charred cereals and hazelnut shells sealed under the cairn, dating to c.
3600–3400 cal BC. Of the remaining three bone results, one is coeval
with the charred plant remains, while the final two can be placed in the
period 3300/3200–2900 cal BC, which is more traditionally associated
with developed passage tombs.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A suggested sequence of construction is
presented, beginning with a simple tomb lacking a cairn, followed by a
burning event – perhaps a ritual preparation of the ground – involving
the deposition of cereal grains and other materials, very rapidly and
intentionally sealed under a layer of clay, in turn followed by at least
two phases involving the construction of more substantial chambers and
associated cairns. What was already regarded as a complex funerary
monument has proven to be even more complex.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Schulting, R., McClatchie, M., Sheridan, A., McLaughlin, R., Barratt,
P. and Whitehouse, N. (2017) Radiocarbon Dating of a Multi-phase
Passage Tomb on Baltinglass Hill, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. <em>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society.</em></span></span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-77863547425211132132017-03-24T16:22:00.002+00:002017-03-24T16:23:55.208+00:00Archaeology conference in Ireland<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhmd1qPN3u1Qo84AxIQ0h1nFdMbAvxDs4le033OoHicY19xfEf4yt7nHvtEvjuysdwzPDMojXd25WYr6DekcXfzr-2bbRtiYnCiZqJ1VQVp9hlUx1-ZsqFHWqvV7zSvMjGzH5Q5N2YFOYA/s1600/McClatchie_IAIabstract_2017_image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhmd1qPN3u1Qo84AxIQ0h1nFdMbAvxDs4le033OoHicY19xfEf4yt7nHvtEvjuysdwzPDMojXd25WYr6DekcXfzr-2bbRtiYnCiZqJ1VQVp9hlUx1-ZsqFHWqvV7zSvMjGzH5Q5N2YFOYA/s200/McClatchie_IAIabstract_2017_image.jpg" width="132" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first half of 2017 is proving to be a busy time for me! I am speaking at another conference at the end of this month -- the annual conference of the <a href="http://iai.ie/">Institute of Archaeologists of Ireland</a>. I am a long-standing member of the Institute, and I was delighted to be asked to deliver the keynote lecture for the conference.<br /><br />My lecture will be entitled "Food ‘facts’: new findings and emerging challenges in the investigation of ancient foodways". I will examine ancient foodways – the customs or habits of a group of people concerning food and eating – which are increasingly a focus of research in archaeology. This paper will highlight some of the exciting new findings from Ireland and beyond, as well as some of the challenges facing archaeologists who are undertaking research in this area.<br /><br />The structure of the paper will follow the four themes of the IAI conference: prehistory, environmental archaeology, community archaeology and historic archaeology. The prehistory and environmental archaeology themes will be explored through consideration of evidence from Ireland’s first farmers, highlighting research from the “Cultivating Societies” project. The community archaeology and historic archaeology themes will focus on the “Swords Castle: Digging History – Fingal Community Excavation Project”. These two projects have made important new discoveries on ancient foodways, and they have highlighted issues relating to professional practice in Ireland. The paper will also include an analysis of the role that archaeologists can play in informing debates relating to modern food trends, such as the Paleo diet and lactose-avoidance, as well as potential problems that may arise when archaeologists advise on healthy-eating practices for modern societies.<br /><br />For more information on the conference, visit the IAI </span><a href="http://iai.ie/"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">website</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. Tickets are available <a href="https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/institute-of-archaeologists-of-ireland-conference-2017-tickets-32668850411?utm-medium=discovery&utm-campaign=social&utm-content=attendeeshare&aff=escb&utm-source=cp&utm-term=listing">here</a>.</span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-2941334125206734132017-02-28T09:18:00.003+00:002017-02-28T09:20:40.532+00:00Conference -- Innovation in Irish Food and Drink: Past, Present and Future<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH9dAPXi2V3DXHzfj2XRQK3VU2BKNq6ICd0ur9SoCwMHVZIAZg3zVqQCm8CtmywotFeCwaSYEs2Z64arO5jF5Gdw9C5Fpo5aVQGr4xnHsHm2gUCKCS6ZLApqjqDzisKiRWU2zfnHGf0Wpd/s1600/45_UCC_food_conference.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH9dAPXi2V3DXHzfj2XRQK3VU2BKNq6ICd0ur9SoCwMHVZIAZg3zVqQCm8CtmywotFeCwaSYEs2Z64arO5jF5Gdw9C5Fpo5aVQGr4xnHsHm2gUCKCS6ZLApqjqDzisKiRWU2zfnHGf0Wpd/s320/45_UCC_food_conference.jpg" width="227" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I am looking forward to speaking at a upcoming conference about food in Cork, Ireland. The conference, "Innovation in Irish Food and Drink: Past, Present and Future" will take place at University College Cork, 10-12 March 2017. I started my studies in archaeology at UCC -- and this is where I first became interested in ancient foods -- so it is a great pleasure for me to return to Cork and speak about my latest research on archaeological evidence for foods in the past.<br /><br />The conference will explore food production and consumption, both old and new. The conference is being organised by food historians Dr Chad Ludington (Marie Curie Senior Research Fellow, UCC School of History) and Regina Sexton (UCC Adult Continuing Education, UCC School of History), and will feature food historians, food geographers, food scientists, business leaders, food producers, restaurateurs, and food writers. It promises to be an exciting weekend, bringing together researchers and practitioners from varied backgrounds to talk and think about the many roles of food in our lives.<br /><br />The title of my presentation will be "Early innovators: Ireland's first farmers", and I will present results from my investigations into foodways in Neolithic Ireland. The Neolithic period in Ireland (4000–2500 BC) witnessed enormous changes in the types of foods being produced and the work involved in their production. Several new crops were introduced into Ireland soon after 4000BC. Archaeobotanical studies indicate that emmer wheat became the dominant crop, with evidence also for barley (hulled and naked) and flax. Analysis of arable weeds suggests that farming was intensive, rather than extensive. Gathered resources (which provided staple foods for hunter-gatherers before the Neolithic) were not abandoned when farming arrived into Ireland. On the contrary, there is substantial archaeobotanical evidence for a variety of nuts, fruits and greens. Establishing the types of foods being made from these plants has proved rather challenging, but new research is being undertaken to address this issue. This paper will provide an overview of the latest research in archaeological science and highlight new pathways to further develop our understanding of the foods produced and eaten by Ireland’s first farmers. <br /><br />The conference is open to the general public and <a href="http://www.uccconferencing.ie/product/ucc-food-conf/">registration</a> is free. Hope to see you there!</span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-73232068037895610912017-01-31T17:15:00.001+00:002017-01-31T17:19:20.050+00:00Popular magazine focuses on early farming<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj898lL1KGamxHE_K80DJHkpvHooEgegtakTsVHc19jRVPWaqUmaiLtWRwiz3N3jSHS13sDDZXD3fqMXF078eZ2RHuLB9-V7s_Kh1S18CuQUS8kZkp05EOhJP4E8wVXERDR6U9cw9Y0kJGk/s1600/44_ETTGmagazine1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj898lL1KGamxHE_K80DJHkpvHooEgegtakTsVHc19jRVPWaqUmaiLtWRwiz3N3jSHS13sDDZXD3fqMXF078eZ2RHuLB9-V7s_Kh1S18CuQUS8kZkp05EOhJP4E8wVXERDR6U9cw9Y0kJGk/s200/44_ETTGmagazine1.jpg" width="120" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My research features in the current edition (Winter 2016) of the popular RTE magazine, </span><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ear to The Ground</span></i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">. The television show of the same name has been broadcast in Ireland for many years, exploring issues of interest to Irish farmers and their families. The magazine delves further into some of the issues raised during the television broadcasts, as well as highlighting farming news stories.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A researcher from the magazine was interested in finding out how and when farming arrived and spread across Ireland, eventually becoming a new way of life. Much of the article, entitled <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"Ireland's first farmers" (pages 120-122),</span> is based upon an interview with me, where I explained my research findings</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">An extract from the article:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The earliest farmers practised mixed farming. They cleared forests to graze their animals, chose sheltered locations and lived in isolated settlements, for the most part. We know this because these early farmers’ remains are occasionally discovered and excavated by archaeologists. Meriel McClatchie is an assistant professor at the UCD School of Archaeology and also the director of the Ancient Foods Research Group, which explores the foods eaten by our ancestors from as early as the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers; she explains how various excavations have helped to create a pretty good picture of the early farmers’ lifestyle.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"What we find on a lot of excavations of the early farmers is actual food remains, such as animal bones, which tell us the types of animals these people were eating; we’re finding bones that suggest they were raising cattle, sheep and pigs,” she says. “Then we find little tiny burnt seeds, which are the crops – what happens is if the crops come into contact with fire and become charred then they can survive in the ground for thousands of years – and we can reconstruct what the first farmers were eating: wheat, particularly, and barley, but it was an older type of wheat, emmer wheat, the earliest wheat. Oat and rye are much later introductions to Ireland – they only came in roughly 2,000 years ago. They were producing crops on a sustainable level for themselves.”</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another extract:</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“What we see in Ireland from the very beginning of farming is that they were growing wheat and barley, they were raising animals but not just for meat; we know that they were producing dairy products as well. They were also making pottery vessels for the first time too. So we have built up a very nice picture of what people were eating and how they were farming,” says Meriel.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For more, you will have to buy the magazine! You can also read more about this topic in my recent collaborative paper in the academic journal, <i>Antiquity</i>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";">McClatchie Meriel, Bogaard Amy, Colledge Sue, Whitehouse Nicki J., Schulting Rick J., Barratt Philip, McLaughlin T. Rowan (2016) Farming and foraging in Neolithic Ireland: an archaeobotanical perspective. <i>Antiquity</i> 90(350), 302–318. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span>Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-67343072411929251972016-12-22T15:47:00.001+00:002016-12-22T15:47:50.023+00:00Medieval exotica: the long history of almonds in Ireland<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUxhO2ptJwJCYgGRBv2alORkPiRkl028N0khkraHjwROnv4h2hsK3dajWOcTExkgMp53pfNYblYuBZMxjxqFbl3rqOjsvByWUA3gUlwzjohRNoO87ynExrOdJyP8Oe7-3Hs8YXsY6QLHf8/s1600/43_Almond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUxhO2ptJwJCYgGRBv2alORkPiRkl028N0khkraHjwROnv4h2hsK3dajWOcTExkgMp53pfNYblYuBZMxjxqFbl3rqOjsvByWUA3gUlwzjohRNoO87ynExrOdJyP8Oe7-3Hs8YXsY6QLHf8/s320/43_Almond.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Almond (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Almonds#/media/File:Almond_2.JPG">Wikimedia Commons</a>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At this time of year, I really enjoy baking and cooking special dishes for family and friends. Later today, I must assemble ingredients for a family trifle, which we will serve up on Christmas Day. Two of the ingredients I like to include are fruits and nuts. I haven't decided on whether to include fresh berry fruits (not very seasonal...) or dried fruits (nice when stewed first). I do know that I plan to include crushed almonds.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You might think that almonds were a recent introduction to Ireland, but they have a long history here. One of the earliest occurrences of almonds in Ireland is from medieval Cork. Two amphora-type jars were discovered in the 1920s during pipe-laying in Paul Street in the city centre (Power 1928). The jars are thought to date to the medieval period. Both vessels were filled with what was suspected to be fruit stones. The 'stones' were originally thought to be plum or damson, but later, excitingly, the material was identified as almonds. Almonds would have represented an exotic (and expensive) import, reflecting Cork's status as an important port of medieval Ireland. Sometimes we might think that people in the past ate very basic and 'functional' foods, but archaeobotany often highlights how the food customs of our ancestors can be rather exotic and definitely tasty.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reference</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Power, P. 1928. On a find of ancient jars in Cork city. </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 33, 10-11.</span><br /></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5593129620511969806.post-47452182149580919402016-10-31T21:47:00.000+00:002016-10-31T21:49:00.258+00:00Conference on Neolithic foods and farming, London<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ZTeH6usaW_h4IwGIKmgDQEWe0XFL9UGkdswWSxVkVKVEiEsFt5OmiDqwRx1YcVNL9Hk2sssvW8OkMrCYgv5ZwH5L3Bm9vwJL0tDrIA5dv0dvm1DXdfEveHFz_E09nhnagQfUe8P_ieBr/s1600/42_NSG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="53" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ZTeH6usaW_h4IwGIKmgDQEWe0XFL9UGkdswWSxVkVKVEiEsFt5OmiDqwRx1YcVNL9Hk2sssvW8OkMrCYgv5ZwH5L3Bm9vwJL0tDrIA5dv0dvm1DXdfEveHFz_E09nhnagQfUe8P_ieBr/s320/42_NSG.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I am currently preparing a conference paper that I will present at a meeting in London next month. The conference is entitled <i>Food and Farming Systems </i>and is being organised by </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Jessica Smyth and Roz Gillis for </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">the <a href="http://www.neolithic.org.uk/">Neolithic Studies Group</a>. The conference will take place at the British Museum on 28th November.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I am writing my paper with long-time collaborators from the <i>Cultivating societies </i>project: </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Amy Bogaard and </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rick Schulting from University of Oxford, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sue Colledge from University College London, Nicki Whitehouse and </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phil Barratt </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">from University of Plymouth, and Rowan McLaughlin from Queen's University Belfast.</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our paper is entitled "</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Our daily bread? Plant foods in Neolithic Ireland". </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Neolithic period in Ireland witnessed enormous changes in the types of foods being produced and the work involved in their production. Several new crops were introduced. Archaeobotanical studies indicate that emmer wheat became the dominant crop, with evidence also for barley (hulled and naked) and flax. Gathered resources were not abandoned when farming arrived into Ireland. On the contrary, there is substantial archaeobotanical evidence for a variety of nuts, fruits and greens.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Recent studies have shed much light on the timing and nature of these new ways of farming and living (McClatchie et al. 2014; Whitehouse et al. 2014; McClatchie et al. 2016), but the focus is often on ingredients rather than finished food products. Can we determine what foods were being made with these new crops? How can we assess the dietary and social importance of cereals? This paper will explore current archaeological evidence for plant foods in Neolithic Ireland and highlight potential avenues for future research.</span></div>
Meriel McClatchiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06671680214914808720noreply@blogger.com0